Newsletter No. 167
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FreePint
"Helping 70,000 people use the Web for their work"
http://www.freepint.com/
ISSN 1460-7239 16th September 2004 No.167
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IN THIS ISSUE
-------------
EDITORIAL
MY FAVOURITE TIPPLES
By Tim Houghton
FREEPINT BAR
In Association with Factiva
a Dow Jones & Reuters Company
JOBS
Information Manager
Financial Market Researchers
Senior Researcher
Senior Researcher (Technology Sector)
Researcher (m/f) for Internet- and Database Researches
TIPS ARTICLE
"Information Sources For Education On The Web"
By David Renfree
BOOKSHELF
"Search Engine Advertising: Buying Your Way to the
Top to Increase Sales"
Reviewed by Duncan Parry
FEATURE ARTICLE
"Copyright - how to stay legal"
By Paul Pedley
EVENTS, GOLD AND FORTHCOMING ARTICLES
CONTACT INFORMATION
ONLINE VERSION WITH ACTIVATED HYPERLINKS
<http://www.freepint.com/issues/160904.htm>
FULLY FORMATTED VERSION
<http://www.freepint.com/issues/160904.pdf>
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Introducing MINT - a fresh approach to company information
from Bureau van Dijk Electronic Publishing
To register for a FREE trial visit <http://www.mintbusinessinfo.com>
Companies, news, industry research and directors in a single
easy to use information database for research,
sales, marketing and business development professionals.
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*** New FreePint Report: "Copyright - How to Stay Legal" ***
ISBN 1-904769-07-1
This report covers: copyright compliance; legal uncertainty; statute
copying authorisation; permission, licence or contract; consequences
of infringement; minimising risk; organisational policies.
Find out more at: <http://www.freepint.com/shop/report/>
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*** ABOUT FREEPINT ***
FreePint is an online network of information searchers. Members
receive this free newsletter twice a month: it is packed with tips
on finding quality and reliable business information on the Internet.
Joining is free at <http://www.freepint.com/> and provides access to
a substantial archive of articles, reviews, jobs & events, with
answers to research questions and networking at the FreePint Bar.
Please circulate this newsletter which is best read when printed out.
To receive a fully formatted version as an attachment or a brief
notification when it's online, visit <http://web.freepint.com/>.
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EDITORIAL
It's that time of year again when our thoughts start turning to our
annual outing to the Online Information exhibition and conference
<http://www.online-information.co.uk/>. After FreePint's stand at
last year's show -- with flashing disco lights and shag-pile carpet
<http://www.freepint.com/portal/events/online-info-2003/> -- we
expect to have a more conservative stand this year! I hope to be there
socially, showing off my new addition to the family, as I am just
about take time off from FreePint to have my second child. In fact,
this is my penultimate editorial before I go off on my maternity break
and hand back to William Hann, FreePint's Managing Editor.
FreePint is honoured to be a media partner with Online Information
again this year, and involved in the International Information
Industry Awards for the third year running. We are organising the
award for best customer service team, previously won by Factiva
and xrefer. Nominations are now open, so please place your vote:
<http://www.freepint.com/events/online-info-2004/>
Voting closes on October 1st and results will be announced at the Gala
Awards ceremony on December 1st.
Copyright is a topic on which all information professionals need to
keep continually updated, and over the last couple of years we
have teamed up with Paul Pedley to produce popular FreePint reports
and virtual training packages on copyright and other legal issues.
Today we publish a brand new report by Paul on copyright, which will
appeal to those who like a pragmatic approach:
"Copyright - How to Stay Legal" ISBN 1-904769-07-1
<http://www.freepint.com/shop/report/>
Paul rightly says that, of course, very few people are interested in
copyright "for its own sake or as an academic subject. They simply
want to copy material with the confidence that they are staying within
the law". His article in today's FreePint gives a taster of this new
report, and whether or not you have read Paul's previous reports, you
will find this latest report very informative and up-to-date. It
advises you where the areas of doubt lie legally, and what you can do
to minimise risk and keep legal. New examples from case law spell out
the consequences of non-compliance and provide excellent insight into
the law.
Our other article today is an update on information sources for
education, from David Renfrew. He admits that since they all have a
different set of information needs, it's a challenge to
provide a comprehensive list for teachers, lecturers, support staff,
parents, governors, researchers and students. I think he succeeds
excellently in doing so.
Don't forget that advertising with the FreePint group of sites and
publications is a great way to gain multiple exposure for your
information- and internet-related products and services to the world's
largest community of information searchers. To help you understand the
options on offer, visit the newly launched 'Onopoly', a one-stop-shop
to download presentations and ratecards <http://www.Onopoly.com/>.
We hope you enjoy today's FreePint, and do forward it to your
colleagues. Alternatively, use our quick and easy 'Recommend Us'
utility at <http://www.freepint.com/reco.htm>.
Annabel Colley
Editor, FreePint
<annabel.colley@freepint.com>
FreePint is a Registered Trademark of Free Pint Limited (R) 1997-2004
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>>Online Information Conference Registration Now Open<<
Book your place by 18 Sept to benefit from Super Early Bird Discounts!
30 Nov - 2 Dec 2004, Olympia, London, UK
<http://www.online-information.co.uk/ol04/conf_prog/conf_prog.html>
Don't miss keynote from founding father of usability - Jakob Nielsen
Plus hear from information architecture expert Louis Rosenfeld,
author Roger Evernden and organisations incl. The National Archives,
Information Commission, the United Nations and The Library of Congress
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*** Best Customer Service Team -- Nominate Now ***
<http://www.freepint.com/events/online-info-2004/>
Make your nomination today for this
Online Information / FreePint award.
Voting closes October 1st.
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MY FAVOURITE TIPPLES
By Tim Houghton
* <http://battellemedia.com/> - John Battelle's search blog. One of
the most intelligent commentaries on search and new media generally.
* <http://www.bloglines.com/> - An online RSS reader. A great tool if,
like me, you read lots of media each day. Lots of mainstream titles
like Reuters and FT.com have now joined the RSS party so it is by no
means just a tool for reading blogs.
* <http://www.technorati.com/> - Technorati: A weblog search engine.
Along with Feedster and Blogdex one of the best ways to get a "feel"
for what's hot and what's not on the web right now.
* <http://www.sourceforge.com/> - I think open source is probably the
model going forward for an awful lot of industries. Sourceforge is
probably still the best place to pick up and contribute software
applications.
* <http://www.5tigers.org/> - 5 Tigers. A resource about the plight of
the Tiger, my favourite animal. WWF is pretty good too.
Tim Houghton runs New Media Intelligence, a UK based web clipping
firm. The firm was formerly called Parallel54. He also likes Tigers.
Submit your top five favourite Web sites. See the guidelines at
<http://www.freepint.com/author.htm>.
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>>> SIGN UP TO FACTIVA'S NEWSLETTER <<<
Keep up to date on Factiva and information industry trends by signing
up for the free InfoPro Alliance newsletter. This monthly email will
provide you with tips on how to better use Factiva, more information
about Factiva sources, and link you to other items of interest to
global information professionals.
Go to <http://www.factiva.com/infopro/register> and sign up today!
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*** Onopoly Update -- Advertising offers by email ***
Onopoly is the new one-stop-shop for information about advertising
across the FreePint network. Sign up for the Onopoly Update to
receive the latest ratecards and offers by email each quarter.
<http://www.Onopoly.com/>
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FREEPINT BAR
In Association with Factiva
a Dow Jones & Reuters Company
Before we take a look at the latest happenings at the Bar, do spend
a moment registering your nomination for this year's 'Online
Information/ FreePint Award for Best Customer Service Team'
<http://www.freepint.com/go/b29864>. If you can make it to the Online
Information show in London this November, then do come and see
FreePint on our usual stand (292).
A large majority of postings at the Bar over the last couple of weeks
have been about documents -- reading, printing, emailing, downloading
and managing documents.
There's been interesting anecdotal advice on why people print
documents before reading them <http://www.freepint.com/go/b29806>.
Also, questions as to whether certain publishers are more likely to
publish in PDF, and why they choose to do so, instead of using other
file formats <http://www.freepint.com/go/b29887>.
A reader would like an estimate of the number of pages required to
print a certain amount of email <http://www.freepint.com/go/b29922>.
Another member has been reminded about a review of software to manage
items which have been downloaded from the Web
<http://www.freepint.com/go/b29882>. Someone sending HTML emails is
having difficulties with Lotus Notes and Eudora, and is almost
hairless as a result <http://www.freepint.com/go/b29928>.
Talking of FreePinters, can you help a regular find a job outside of
research, using their experience as a City-based Corporate Finance
Researcher? <http://www.freepint.com/go/b29850>. Are you a
member/organiser of an alumni programme and willing to share your
experiences? <http://www.freepint.com/go/b29911>.
On the business-information side, do you have experience of using
IRN's Market Research on the Web (MROW) service?
<http://www.freepint.com/go/b29895>. A press release at the VIP Wire
announces discounts on MROW for CILIP members
<http://www.vivavip.com/go/w343>.
Talking of VIP, you can now sign up for a free weekly digest of
postings from the VIP Wire and VIP Lounge at
<http://www.vivavip.com/order/digest/>; this should make it easier to
monitor announcements like the MROW one above.
Other miscellaneous queries which remain unanswered at the Bar include
where to search and access old ASTIA/NTIS reports (early-/mid-60's) AD
& PB reports <http://www.freepint.com/go/b29901>. Are you a UK
information professional or directory publisher with an opinion on the
EU database directive of 1996? <http://www.freepint.com/go/b29899>. Is
there a directory of training companies worldwide, broken down by
industry? <http://www.freepint.com/go/b29897>.
One final request from us: Please don't forget to choose a relevant
category carefully when posting at the Bar. Doing so makes the Bar
Browser much more useful <http://www.freepint.com/bar/browser/>.
William Hann <william.hann@freepint.com>
Founder and Managing Editor, FreePint
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The FreePint Bar is where you can get free help with your tricky
research questions <http://www.freepint.com/bar>
Help with study for information-related courses is available at the
FreePint Student Bar <http://www.freepint.com/student>.
Twice-weekly email digests of the latest postings can be requested
at <http://web.freepint.com/>.
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VISIT THE CITY INFORMATION GROUP AGM & EXPO EVENT ON 29th SEPT 2004.
CiG, the premier networking information group in London, is holding a
new format AGM meeting this year. We are offering: free seminars, a
topical debate with key industry people, an exhibition with around 20
industry suppliers that are key to CiG members, AGM meeting to hear
about CiG's development, a champagne reception and an AGM dinner with
after-dinner speaker. To book visit <http://www.cityinformation.org.uk>
An unmissable day of learning, exploration, networking and top tips.
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*** VIP Digests for the Wire and Lounge ***
Keep up-to-date with the latest information-industry
press releases and opinion with a free email Digest
account for the VIP Wire and VIP Lounge.
Find out more at <http://www.vivaVIP.com/order/digest/>
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FREEPINT JOBS
<http://www.freepint.com/jobs>
The FreePint Jobs Update is being circulated widely every two
weeks. This free newsletter now has 2,500 direct subscribers and
is posted at the Bar and in the Bar Digest (circulation 13,500).
To see the Jobs Update No.80 and read the new 'Jobs Advice' section,
visit <http://www.freepint.com/go/b29861>. To subscribe, visit
<http://www.freepint.com/subs/>.
A fully formatted PDF version of the Jobs Update is available at
<http://web.freepint.com/jobs/FreePint-Jobs-Update-80.pdf>.
Here are some of the latest featured jobs:
Information Manager
To shape extranet, enhance its functionality, and maximise its
effectiveness through user training and information management syst
Recruiter: National College for School Leadership
<http://www.freepint.com/go/j3489>
Financial Market Researchers
A variety of roles at all levels, which will suit good researchers
in Corporate Finance, Capital Markets, and Investment Banking.
Recruiter: City Professionals
<http://www.freepint.com/go/j3494>
Senior Researcher
Use your specialist knowledge of the high-tech sector in this
senior researcher role at leading bank; very good salary.
Recruiter: Sue Hill Recruitment
<http://www.freepint.com/go/j3496>
Senior Researcher (Technology Sector)
Are you a Technology Information Specialist? Very involved job
including attending sector related events for senior level Researcher.
Recruiter: Glen Recruitment
<http://www.freepint.com/go/j3505>
Researcher (m/f) for Internet- and Database Researches
Researcher (m/f) at international business risks consultancy Berlin
Recruiter: Control Risks Deutschland GmbH
<http://www.freepint.com/go/j3507>
NB: There are 33 other jobs in the current edition of the Jobs Update
<http://www.freepint.com/go/29861>.
[The above jobs are paid listings]
FreePint Jobs -- the best place for information vacancies.
* VACANCY SEARCHING -- Free search and sign up to the Job Update.
* VACANCY RECRUITING -- Complete the form and advertise a vacancy
for GBP195 <http://www.freepint.com/jobs/submit/overview.php3>.
50% discount for registered charities. 10% discount for agencies.
Find out more today at <http://www.freepint.com/jobs>
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International Information Industry Awards
Hosted by Online Information and Information World Review
Made a valuable contribution to the information community?
Submit your nominations online (closing date 1 October)
<http://www.online-information.co.uk/ol04/awards.html>
Ceremony at Royal Lancaster Hotel, London, 1 Dec 04. Gala Dinner,
Music, Entertainment and Celebrity Host. Tables going fast so reserve
your place Today! - Email <lizzy.mills@vnuexhibitions.co.uk>
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>>> How do you use DigBig? <<<
"Most excellent when putting URLs into
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<http://www.DigBig.com/>
DigBig :: Long URLs shortened
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TIPS ARTICLE
<http://www.freepint.com/issues/160904.htm#tips>
"Information Sources For Education On The Web"
By David Renfree
It's September again, which means that a new academic year is starting
for teaching staff and students of all ages. With this in mind, it
seems an appropriate time to examine some of the education-related
materials that are available on the internet.
It is quite an ambitious task to attempt to describe a collection of
websites as a 'guide to education'. Teachers, lecturers, support
staff, parents, governors, researchers and students are all
contributors to the educational process, and each group has a
different set of information needs to address. This article aims to
contain items of interest to anyone with an involvement in education,
by highlighting some of the most useful information resources that can
be freely accessed, encompassing research, teaching, international
perspectives, official reports, legal guidelines and more.
Official Information
--------------------
Within the UK, the logical starting point for finding any educational
information would appear to be the homepage of the Department for
Education & Skills (DfES) <http://www.dfes.gov.uk>. The site contains
details of the latest news, government initiatives, and information
about all of the department's subsidiary organisations, as well as
hundreds of reports and publications that are free to download.
However, researchers from outside England would also be strongly
advised to check the websites of the Scottish Executive Education
Department (SEED) <http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Education>, the
Department of Education for Northern Ireland <http://www.deni.gov.uk>
or Learning Wales <http://www.learning.wales.gov.uk> for similar
information specific to their region.
A similar situation exists relating to the inspection of
educational establishments within the UK. Since 2001, Ofsted
<http://www.ofsted.gov.uk> has been responsible for the regulation of
early years care as well as the inspection of schools and all 16-19
education within England. All of Ofsted's inspection reports are
available on the site, as well as a host of other publications, which
touch on a massive range of educational issues. Other users within the
UK should be directed to the homepages of HMIE (Scotland)
<http://www.hmie.gov.uk/hmie.asp>; DEETI (Northern Ireland)
<http://www.deni.gov.uk/inspection_services/> or Estyn (Wales)
<http://www.estyn.gov.uk/>.
Information on qualification and assessment frameworks within the UK
can be obtained from, variously, the Qualifications and Curriculum
Authority (QCA) <http://www.qca.org.uk>, the Scottish Qualifications
(SQA) <http://www.sqa.org.uk>, the Council for the Curriculum
Examinations and Assessment <http://www.ccea.org.uk/>, and
Qualifications, Curriculum & Assessment Authority for Wales (ACCAC)
<http://www.accac.org.uk>. Each of the sites can be used to find out
about the structures of education systems in different parts of the
UK, providing information on each stage of a child's schooling, and
further downloadable literature.
With the ever-increasing role played by ICT in education, it is also
worth drawing attention to the work of the British Educational
Communications and Technology Agency (BECTA)
<http://www.becta.org.uk>. The Agency aims to provide strategic
leadership on ICT and learning, and its website contains an excellent
collection of free articles and reports for all computer users.
BECTA and the DfES have collaborated to produce the National Grid for
Learning (NGfL) <http://www.ngfl.gov.uk>. The NGfL provides links to
websites that have been chosen for the high quality of their content
for educational purposes, as well as a range of other features.
Research Information
--------------------
A phenomenal amount of both official and independent educational
research is being continuously carried out, so staying abreast of
newly published reports or articles can be a challenging task.
Fortunately, the internet offers a number of excellent services that
enable the researcher to search for, and then often link directly to,
documents that are of interest.
The British Education Index office at Leeds University provides a
number of free services from its homepage
<http://www.leeds.ac.uk/bei/>. A truncated version of the full
(subscription-based) British Education Index is available online
<http://www.leeds.ac.uk/bei/bei.htm>, and is made up of information
that has not yet been added to the subscription services. While this
means the content of the free version changes regularly, it will
typically contain approximately 2,500 journal references at any one
time. Also available are the British Education Internet Research
Catalogue <http://brs.leeds.ac.uk/~beiwww/beirc.htm>, which is a
database of descriptions and links to educational websites, and
Education-line <http://brs.leeds.ac.uk/~beiwww/el.htm>, which provides
full-text access to conference papers.
The National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) website
<http://www.nfer.ac.uk> is also a must for detailed research
information. The NFER has over 100 projects running at any time, and
publishes an online summary of the research outcomes for each project.
Full-text access to reports written by NFER staff for external
organisations is also available on the site, and an increasing number
of downloadable E-Reports are also appearing in their entirety. The
OnTheWeb section of the site <http://www.nfer.ac.uk/ontheweb/> is also
worth examining - this is a monthly current awareness service, which
highlights and provides links to newly published documents which can
be freely viewed online.
By the time you read this, the new Education Resources Information
Center (ERIC) website <http://www.eric.ed.gov> should have been
launched. ERIC is a database containing over 1.1 million bibliographic
citations dating back to 1966. As well as containing references, ERIC
also publishes a range of free-to-access Digests which summarise the
current literature on a given topic. The new site also promises to
make available over 100,000 full text documents that were previously
available by paid subscription only.
International Resources
-----------------------
Knowledge about educational methods and outcomes in different
countries is becoming increasingly valuable to researchers and
practitioners alike. Happily for these groups, there are a number of
websites that provide detailed information about the various education
systems that are used around the world.
The International Bureau of Education (IBE)
<http://www.ibe.unesco.org> is a UNESCO-affiliated organisation that
is concerned with gathering and disseminating data on educational
policy. The site is a fantastic source of information on a range of
issues: particularly useful are the Databanks
<http://www.ibe.unesco.org/International/Databanks/dba.htm> which
offer, amongst other things, detailed dossiers on the education
systems in approximately 150 individual countries, and access to
extensive bibliographic data. It's also worth having a look at the
IBE's Web Resources & Links page
<http://www.ibe.unesco.org/Links/linkhome.htm>, which contains direct
links to the homepages of educational ministries and other official
bodies around the world.
In the UK, the QCA and NFER have collaborated to produce the
International Review of Curriculum and Assessment Frameworks Internet
Archive (INCA) <http://www.inca.org.uk>. The archive contains reports
from 18 different countries on education for children in the 3-19 age
bracket, and has recently added information describing teacher
training in some of these countries. Users can view the content on a
nation-by-nation basis, or access a series of reports and tables
which make comparisons between different countries.
The Information Network on Europe (Eurydice) <http://www.eurydice.org>
is an EC body which covers the education systems of the EU. Like the
other international resources described in this article, its website
is home to a mass of free publications and bibliographic data, as well
as the Eurybase database
<http://www.eurydice.org/Eurybase/frameset_eurybase.html>, which is a
further multilingual source of information on national education
systems.
Other Useful Sources
--------------------
Two of the most indispensable educational publications are available
in full on the internet; the Times Educational Supplement (TES)
<http://www.tes.co.uk> and EducationGuardian
<http://education.guardian.co.uk> are published weekly, and contain
news articles, features, comments and more. Both publications offer
full access to their archives dating back respectively to 1994 and
1998, and both websites have a range of additional, interactive
features.
If you're thinking about a career change to work within education,
there are a number of sites that you could choose to visit. The
Teacher Training Agency <http://www.tta.gov.uk> provides information
for trainee teachers on its own pages, but also hosts a separate
recruitment site <http://www.canteach.gov.uk> for those still at the
considering stage. Teachernet <http://www.teachernet.gov.uk> has been
designed as an information source for existing teachers and school
managers, but also contains some excellent career advice and
information on other roles such as becoming a teaching assistant
<http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/wholeschool/teachingassistants/>. The
government has also recently recognised a new Higher Level Teaching
Assistant (HLTA) status; details about this are available from the
HLTA website <http://www.hlta.gov.uk>.
Finally, the excellent SOSIG service provides an expansive collection
of hyperlinks via its education gateway
<http://www.sosig.ac.uk/education/>, which should point users to some
of the many other helpful sites which simply couldn't be fitted into
this article. Resources are listed by type, so that you can quickly
find the type of information that you require.
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David Renfree is the subject librarian for the School of Childhood &
Education at the Birmingham College Of Food, Tourism & Creative
Studies.
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Related FreePint links:
* 'Education' articles in the FreePint Portal
<http://www.freepint.com/go/p39>
* Post a message to the author, David Renfree, or suggest further
resources at the FreePint Bar <http://www.freepint.com/bar>
* Read this article online, with activated hyperlinks
<http://www.freepint.com/issues/160904.htm#tips>
* Access the entire archive of FreePint content
<http://www.freepint.com/portal/content/>
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KeepingLegal
<http://www.KeepingLegal.com>
Keeps information professionals up to date on aspects
of the law that impact upon them and their customers.
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*** Willco and AIIP ***
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FREEPINT BOOKSHELF
<http://www.freepint.com/bookshelf>
"Search Engine Advertising: Buying Your Way to the
Top to Increase Sales"
Written by Catherine Seda
Reviewed by Duncan Parry
Search engines have been a hot topic in the press; Google's IPO has
happened (with a few hiccups along the way), Lycos US has been sold
and MSN are developing their own search technology. But starting a
search engine marketing (SEM) campaign can still be daunting and
potentially expensive. But if executed correctly a SEM campaign can be
a vital source of new customers and offer a high return on investment.
How do you learn how to plan, implement, measure and improve search
engine campaigns? What different types of campaign are available?
Catherine Seda's "Search Engine Advertising: Buying Your Way to the
Top to Increase Sales" offers answers to these questions and more. She
starts with the basics - what is a search engine marketing campaign -
and progresses through the different types of campaign available, how
to implement them, how to measure success and how to improve
performance.
The main topics in the chapters are: planning campaigns, pay per click
(a.k.a. pay for placement) campaigns, paid inclusion (PFI) programs,
advertising on shopping search engines, visitor statistics, and two of
the most contentious topics in the industry: click fraud and trademark
infringement.
The text is clearly written and easy to follow - perfect for a
beginner in search marketing. It is also suitable for anybody with
experience of search marketing; I've worked in the industry for four
years and found that the book made me think and consolidate knowledge
I've acquired over time. Concept and techniques are accompanied by
examples and real-world screenshots as appropriate.
A few minor details are out of date - MSN no longer shows paid
inclusion result and Espotting no longer provides PPC results to
Yahoo! Europe - but these minor inaccuracies can be forgiven, given
the fast pace of change in the search industry. The author has
worked in online marketing since 1995 and now runs her own agency in
California - so the facts and techniques in the book come from
experience gained from hard work with a variety of campaigns.
There is a chapter on implementing an international campaign (i.e.
outside of the US) which provides useful tips and makes the crucial
point of emphasising the cultural differences between the US and other
countries as well as the obvious linguistic ones; for example what is
persuasive sales copy in the US may be viewed as over-aggressive by
consumers elsewhere. However this chapter is only an introduction to
international campaigns and you will need to research options in your
country.
There is also a useful glossary of terms and a list of useful
websites. The book ends with an extract from a related title about
search engine optimisation (SEO), the art of getting your site in a
high position in the "normal" unpaid search results. It's important to
note here that SEO requires a separate book of its own, although it
is covered in relation to paid inclusion in this title. This is an
easy to read, easy to follow book which I recommend to anybody
considering a search engine marketing campaign.
> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Duncan Parry is the Creative Director of Position Driver
<http://www.positiondriver.co.uk/>, a UK-based PPC management agency.
He is responsible for overseeing the creation of campaigns for clients
operating in a range of industries. Previously he worked at Espotting,
a leading European pay per click advertising engine, and UK search
engine Lycos. You can contact him via <http://www.duncanparry.co.uk>.
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Related FreePint links:
* Find out more about this book online at the FreePint Bookshelf
<http://www.freepint.com/bookshelf/sea.htm>
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<http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0735713995/freepint0c>
or Amazon.com
<http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0735713995/freepint00>
* "Search Engine Advertising: Buying Your Way to the Top to Increase
Sales" ISBN 0735713995, published by Cisco Press (an imprint of
Macmillan Technical Pub)
* Search for and purchase any book from Amazon via the FreePint
Bookshelf at <http://www.freepint.com/bookshelf>
* Read about other Internet Marketing books on the FreePint Bookshelf
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To propose an information-related book for review, send details
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FEATURE ARTICLE
<http://www.freepint.com/issues/160904.htm#feature>
"Copyright - how to stay legal"
By Paul Pedley
[This article is a introduction to the full FreePint report:
"Copyright - How to Stay Legal" ISBN 1-904769-07-1
<http://www.freepint.com/shop/report/>]
Most people are not interested in copyright for its own sake, or as an
academic subject. They simply want to be able to copy material with
the confidence that they are doing so lawfully.
The problem is that copyright law is extremely complex, and doesn't
provide the certainty that everyone wants. There are two key reasons
why this is so.
Firstly, there are a number of key words and phrases in the Copyright
Designs and Patents Act 1988 which are left undefined. They include:
original, substantial, reasonable, fair dealing, and copying for a
commercial purpose.
Secondly, in the legal system of England & Wales, case law plays an
important part. Legal cases present specific problems out of which a
point of law is extracted. The point of law is known as a precedent
and it is binding on other courts which are at the same or a lower
level in the hierarchy. So, when one wishes to understand copyright
law, it is necessary to take account of both statute law and any
relevant case law.
Authorisation is needed for any copying of material which is protected
by copyright or database right. That authorisation could be in the
form of statute (by one of the permitted acts or copyright
exceptions) or getting the direct permission of the rights holder by
entering into a contract or licence.
It is not always necessary to get the direct permission of the rights
holder. For example, if you are sure that your copying falls within
one of the permitted acts (or copyright exceptions), then this is, by
definition, a lawful use of a work, even though it has not been
authorised by the publisher. The problem is being able to have that
certainty that the copying really does fit within a copyright
exception, and that a court would take the same view.
Where you contact the rights holder directly for permission to copy,
you should provide them with as much information as possible about
what it is you want to copy and what it will be used for. The request
should contain details of:
* Author and title of the extract you wish to reproduce
* Author and title of the publication in which the extract appears
* Page range
* Date of publication, and, in the case of journals, the volume and
issue numbers
* The number of copies to be made
If you are going to be requesting copyright clearance from rights
holders on a regular basis you should consider developing a standard
form for this purpose. There is an example of a standard form on page
73 of Sandy Norman's book "Practical copyright for information
professionals: the CILIP handbook" which is published by Facet
Publishing.
Even if you have a contract to copy content, you have to think about
whether this covers what you want to do in terms of:
* How many people you are sending the material to
* The status of those people (are they in-house employees, are they
freelance, are they clients)
* The location of the people (are they in your head office, or are
some in satellite offices. Are they all in the same country)
* The purpose for which the copying is done (for example, if there
is an article in a newspaper or magazine which is quite
complimentary about your company, are you allowed under the contract
to copy the material for use by the sales force as a sales aid?)
Copyright is not infringed unless the whole or a substantial part of a
work is copied (s16 of the CDPA 1988). The problem is determining what
is a "substantial part", because that is one of the undefined terms in
the Act. What is clear, though, is that this could be qualitative or
quantitative.
One question which people ask is whether they would still be breaching
copyright if they were to copy out a text by hand, or by typing it
into a word processor. The answer is yes, that to copy the content as
a sequence of words would be an infringement. What it would avoid,
though, is copyright infringement in the typographical arrangement of
the work.
The Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 introduced a number
of new offences. They include:
* circumvention of technological measures
* communicating a work to the public where this affects prejudicially
the owner of the copyright
* removal or alteration of electronic rights management information
There are many legal cases which illustrate what can happen when
copyright is infringed. To pick just one example from last year, Legg
Mason had a subscription to Lowry's Market Trend Analysis for which
they paid USD700 a year. This entitled one person to use the
newsletter. However, they were routinely posting the PDF of the
newsletter on the company's intranet which was accessible to more than
1,300 employees globally. The federal district court in Maryland found
Legg Mason liable to Lowry's for breach of contract and wilful
copyright infringement, and they were required to pay USD19,725,270 in
damages and lost subscription fees.
Because of the lack of legal certainty, copyright is really a question
of managing risk. If I had to prioritise a number of activities in
terms of the level of risk, then they would be:
Low risk
* copying for users under the "Library Regulations"
* single copying
* one article or a reasonable amount
* copying where a declaration form is used
Medium risk
* Fair dealing
High risk
* Copying whole works
* Making multiple copies of the same item
* Systematic single copying
* Any commercial exploitation
With the implementation of the Copyright and Related Rights
Regulations 2003, fair dealing only covers copying for a
non-commercial purpose. There is also a requirement to stay
within the agreed safe copying limits which are:
* one article from any one issue of a journal or periodical
* one chapter or 5 percent of extracts from a book
The fair dealing exception, which allows limited copying for non
commercial purposes or private study would not allow you to place
digital copies on a network; and, unless it is impracticable to do so,
you must acknowledge all copies.
Each organisation will have its own requirements for copying content,
and will need to develop a policy which reflects those needs. In order
to demonstrate that they are taking copyright seriously, there are a
number of steps which can be taken:
* place copyright posters prominently next to photocopiers, scanners
and computer terminals
* set out your organisation's copyright policy in places such as the
staff handbook
* publish a statement on responsible use of the intranet
* circulate a guide to copyright written by the in-house lawyer
* create a set of frequently asked questions which deals with the
typical uses your organisation makes of copyright-protected material
* organise internal training on copyright which is tailored to
the needs of your organisation
The corporate sector has been particularly affected by the changes
brought about by the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003. It
is very likely that they will need to take out licences with
organisations such as the Copyright Licensing Agency or the Newspaper
Licensing Agency in order to enable them to continue doing lawfully
what they may in the past have felt able to do under the fair dealing
exception. Through its Copywatch initiative and website, CLA is
offering rewards of up to GBP20,000 for reliable information about
illegal photocopying or scanning leading to a successful licensing
outcome or to a legal action in the corporate sector.
For information professionals, copyright is an ethical issue just as
much as it is a legal one. CILIP's new ethical principles and code of
professional practice says:
"The conduct of members should be characterised by ... respect for,
and understanding of, the integrity of information items and for the
intellectual effort of those who created them"
It goes on to say that "Members should ... defend the legitimate needs
and interests of information users, while upholding the moral and
legal rights of the creators and distributors of intellectual
property".
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These areas are explored in more detail in the new report:
"Copyright - How to Stay Legal" ISBN 1-904769-07-1, which is available
from FreePint <http://www.freepint.com/shop/report/>.
The report covers areas such as copyright compliance, why there is so
much legal uncertainty, how copying can be authorised through statute,
permission, licence or contract; what constitutes copyright
infringement, and what are the consequences; relevant legal cases and
their outcomes; minimising risk; organisational policies, and keeping
within the terms of licence agreements.
> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Paul Pedley is not a lawyer and is not able to give legal advice. The
contents of this article do not constitute legal advice and should not
be relied upon in that way.
> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Paul Pedley is Head of Research at the Economist Intelligence Unit,
and has previously worked in the information departments of a law
firm, property developer, and in a number of government departments.
Paul is a Fellow of CILIP; represents Aslib on the Libraries and
Archives Copyright Alliance; and is on the steering group of the JISC
Legal Information service. Paul is also Editor of KeepingLegal
<http://www.KeepingLegal.com>. The service covers legal issues
affecting the information profession such as data protection,
copyright and freedom of information. He regularly runs training
courses on copyright, data protection and freedom of information; as
well as on Internet topics such as the invisible Web, and business
information on the Internet.
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Related FreePint links:
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* Read this article online, with activated hyperlinks
<http://www.freepint.com/issues/160904.htm#feature>
* Access the entire archive of FreePint content
<http://www.freepint.com/portal/content/>
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