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Newsletter No. 103


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                             Free Pint
         "Helping 45,000 people use the Web for their work"
                     http://www.freepint.com/

ISSN 1460-7239                               10th January 2002 No.103
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                           IN THIS ISSUE

                             EDITORIAL

                       MY FAVOURITE TIPPLES
                          from Sam Vaknin

                    FREE PINT BAR & STUDENT BAR
                    In Association with Factiva
                   a Dow Jones & Reuters Company
                     Reviewed by Simon Collery

                                JOBS
               Librarian | Assistant Records Manager
         Information Specialist | Assistant Records Manager

                           TIPS ARTICLE
       "Searching Patents on Government Databases on the Web"
                          By Ron Kaminecki

                        FREE PINT REGULARS

                             BOOKSHELF
            "Internet Prophets: Enlightened E-Business
                   Strategies for Every Budget"
                     Reviewed by William Hann

                          FEATURE ARTICLE
                            "Livestock"
                           By Jane Inman

            FACT, EVENTS, GOLD AND FORTHCOMING ARTICLES

                        CONTACT INFORMATION

             ONLINE VERSION WITH ACTIVATED HYPERLINKS
            <http://www.freepint.com/issues/100102.htm>

         ADOBE ACROBAT VERSION WITH NEWSLETTER FORMATTING
            <http://www.freepint.com/issues/100102.pdf>


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                      >>>  ABOUT FREE PINT  <<<

Free Pint is an online community of information researchers. Members
receive this free newsletter every two weeks packed with tips on
finding quality and reliable business information on the Internet.

Joining is free at <http://www.freepint.com/> and provides access to
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                             EDITORIAL

I'm not a great lover of shopping. I don't enjoy it through the year,
and enjoy it even less in the run up to Christmas. Then there are the
January sales, which this year seemed to start way back in December.

However, I don't mind shopping for things for Free Pint though, and
now that we have much larger offices it's very easy to spend spend
spend. We quite enjoy the sell sell sell as well, and so are having
a "buy one get one free" January sale of our own.

The sale applies to a whole range of items. For instance, buy a UK
company report and get a free Financial Report worth 24 pounds (about
US$35). Purchase a listing for your information-related vacancy in
Free Pint Jobs and get a credit for another listing free. Buy a single
advert in the Free Pint Newsletter and get another advert free,
along with 60,000 free banner exposures. Sign up as a Free Pint
Regular for a year and get an extra month free.

Details of all of these January offers are available in the Free Pint
Shop at <http://www.freepint.com/shop>. But you'll have to hurry as
they all end on the last day of this month. Free Pint Regulars also
get their normal 10% discount off sale prices as well.

If January sales are renowned for bringing together a mixed bag of
offers, then we've packed a particularly mixed bag of tips, articles
and reviews into today's Free Pint. As well as looking at a mix of Web
resources ranging from patents to livestock, I review a new eBusiness
title and there's a competition to win one of three copies of a
popular book on the Invisible Web.

Happy New Year to all Free Pinters, and here's hoping that 2002 isn't
quite as eventful as 2001.

Cheers
William

             William Hann, Founder and Managing Editor
      Email: <william@freepint.com>   Tel: +44 (0)1784 420044
Free Pint is a Registered Trademark of Free Pint Limited (c) 1997-2002

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                       MY FAVOURITE TIPPLES
                          from Sam Vaknin

* <http://www.brightplanet.com/> - In their own words: "... the first
  and only search technology capable of identifying, retrieving,
  qualifying, classifying and organizing 'deep' and 'surface' content
  from the World Wide Web."

* <http://www.enfish.com/> - A personalized portal; instead of
  juggling dozens of windows, a single interface provides the user
  with access to all their applications: e-mail, contacts, documents,
  intranet or network, the Web, etc.

* <http://www.everymail.com/> - A multi-lingual e-mail application. It
  converts text typed on a virtual keyboard to images (of characters)
  in any language.

* <http://www.ebookmap.net/maps.htm> - E-Book Industry Maps to
  "reflect the evolving business models" among publishers, conversion
  houses, digital distribution companies, eBook vendors, online
  retailers, libraries, library vendors, authors, and many others.

* <http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/atlas.html> - "An atlas of maps
  and graphic representations of the geographies of the new electronic
  territories of the Internet, the World Wide Web and other emerging
  Cyberspaces."

Sam Vaknin is the author of "Malignant Self Love - Narcissism
Revisited" and a published and awarded author and columnist
<http://samvak.tripod.com>.

Tell us about your top five favourite Web sites. See the guidelines at
<http://www.freepint.com/author.htm> and email <simon@freepint.com>.

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                           FREE PINT BAR
                    In Association with Factiva
                   a Dow Jones & Reuters Company
                           
                     Reviewed by Simon Collery
          <http://www.freepint.com/issues/100102.htm#bar>


Free Pint Bar <http://www.freepint.com/bar>
-------------------------------------------

   [Note: To read a posting enter the message number in place of
     XXXXX in the address http://www.freepint.com/go/bXXXXX ]

Happy New Year to all our Bar customers! It's sad to start the year
with the demise of the free version of a useful tool, Mind-it, which
allowed you to track changes made to selected Web sites. It sounds as
if a lot of Free Pinters used it. But it's nice to know that there
are other similar resources available (14788). And don't forget,
there was a recent Free Pint article on Web site monitoring and
current awareness tools: <http://www.freepint.com/issues/131201.htm>.

Resources and tools do come and go on the Web. Some disappear
altogether and others start charging for their services. I've just
heard that Northern Light, a very fine search tool, will stop
providing free search facilities from the middle of this month.
Thankfully some of their free resources will be continued. And there
are plenty of good search tools around, so if you need alternatives,
just post a message in the Bar.

But good quality, free resources have been plentiful in the Bar, as
usual, covering FTSE 100 company directors (14812), UK local
government data (14871), Swiss newspapers (14776), contact details
for world government leaders (14762) and online clipping services
(14731). We are still waiting to hear from anyone who knows about
online courseware and resources (14868), so do get in touch if you
know of such things.

In the last few weeks I reviewed a recently updated online
encyclopedia (14770) and a site that lists the best online sources of
business information (14875). And the latest issue of the Internet
Resources Newsletter was announced in the Bar (14882). If you don't
already use it, you should start now. Make it a new year's resolution.

Researchers have been applying themselves assiduously to subjects as
diverse as the broadcast mast marketplace (14849), European attitudes
towards the British (14822), the number of libraries in Europe
(14798), how theories of community and technology are being applied
to actual situations (14739) and the implementation of interactive
features like discussion groups and bulletin boards on Web sites
(14870).

Research is also being carried out into recent advances in
bibliographical practices (14767), searching for European Union
information (14874) and starting up an alumni association (14869).
And one researcher is looking for a document delivery service that
will allow him to find elusive journal articles (14810).

There have been several postings about funding, one looking for
advice about applying for them (14800), another asking about finance
available for social work projects (14726). There were also questions
about UK top directors' salaries (14877) and UK bank sort codes
(14857).

Technical queries have arisen about allowing Web site visitors to
send attachments with feedback forms (14814), a Windows Explorer
folder that is not loading (14845), running Access on Windows XP
(14866), problems with configuring Word (14830), speeding up a modem
(14823), opening Excel documents online (14891), opening emails in a
CompuServe browser (14742), choosing an ISP (14890) and getting
listed by search engines (14787, 14756).

Miscellaneously speaking, we've had questions about non-electrical
games (14763), selling domain names (14859), clapperboards (14702),
finding email addresses (14741), music in TV ads (14743), information
or knowledge work in the non-profit sector (14846), Latin translation
(14856), sample flexi-time forms (14842) and equipment used in
building marinas (14722).

Finally, at the start of a new year, I'd like to thank all the Free
Pinters who have given of their knowledge, experience and wit so
generously over the last twelve months. I trust that they also gain
something from the exercise of their community spirit.


Free Pint Student Bar <http://www.freepint.com/student>
-------------------------------------------------------

   [Note: To read a posting enter the message number in place of
      XXXX in the address <http://www.freepint.com/go/sXXXX>]

Students have been looking into semiotics and discourse analysis
(2081), English literature resources (2084), knowledge management
case studies (2090), airline branding (2097) and the effects of food
preservation on society (2098).

There have also been postings about securing internships (2073) and
applying for scholarships (2078).

      Simon Collery, Content Developer <simon@freepint.com>

If you have a tricky research question or can help other Free Pinters
then do post a message at the Bar <http://www.freepint.com/bar> or
the Student Bar <http://www.freepint.com/student>.

To have the latest Bar postings sent to you every other day, log in to
your account online or send an email to <digest@freepint.com>.
For the Student Bar Digest contact <studentdigest@freepint.com>.


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                           TIPS ARTICLE
         <http://www.freepint.com/issues/100102.htm#tips>

       "Searching Patents on Government Databases on the Web"
                          By Ron Kaminecki

You have an idea that you wish to patent but are uncertain of how to
conduct a proper search of the literature (a.k.a. a search of the
prior art) so that you can determine if your idea is novel.

You may have heard that searching patents is difficult, but it is
possible to do a reasonable search inexpensively on the Internet if
you spend sufficient time at the appropriate websites and you know of
some of the nuances of the patent system.


The Patent System
-----------------

Patents protect you by preventing others from making, using, selling
or importing your invention for a set period of time, usually twenty
years.  In order to obtain a patent, you do not necessarily need to
conduct a literature search, but you do have to state all that you
know about the invention and in doing so must distinguish it from
similar known products and processes.  This is called 'novelty' and
along with 'obviousness' and 'usefulness', is one of the three
criteria that must be satisfied in order to obtain a patent in the
United States.


Major Treaties as a Source of International Information
-------------------------------------------------------

International agreement compels a patent applicant to file a patent
application in as many countries as desired within a one-year period
starting at the date of the first application.  To make this easier,
there are several international treaties that allow an applicant to
file one application and designate countries (called states) in which
the applicant wants to reserve the right to file an application.
Thus, filing through one of these treaties allows the applicant to
reserve the date of the original filing as a priority date for all
subsequent applications for that same invention.

Two major treaties, the European Patent Office (EPO) and the Patent
Cooperation Treaty (PCT) allow members to file such applications that
then preserve the priority date.  However, these organizations, like
many others, including (as of 2001 for certain applications) the
United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), will publish the
applications after eighteen months, although they have not yet been
examined and thus are not yet patents.  However, because the applicant
filed eighteen months earlier, all others are precluded from filing
for the same invention and only the original applicant can move
forward to obtain patent protection in the countries that were
designated.


Searching Patents
-----------------

Searching the published applications from the EPO or the PCT is an
excellent way of finding leading edge research that may develop into a
patent.  However, because these are international treaties, a searcher
must be aware of the use of languages other than English in these
documents, though English is the predominant language in documents
from both of these treaties, followed by the German and French
languages.

Searching for novelty can be difficult, because patents and patent
applications are legal documents and are not necessarily written for
ease of searching; they are drafted to be defended in court.  In the
US, the words chosen are based upon over two hundred years of case law
that has defined what words mean in a court of law.  For example, the
words "comprising" and "consisting of" seem to be nearly identical in
normal English, but in patent law the former means having at least
certain properties and the latter means having only these properties.
As long as you are aware that what you are searching is not normal
language, you may be able to get around these hurdles.


The Classification Code Systems
-------------------------------

One way around the legalese language problem is to use either
International or National Classification Codes which are used to group
similar patents together under a common Classification Code.  The
search room at the US Patent Office in Crystal City, VA near
Washington has for years placed paper copies of patents based upon
these US Codes so that manual searchers could flip through similarly-
indexed patents quickly.  A similar search can be done online.  US
Classification Codes can be found at <http://www.uspto.gov/go/classification/>
which allows searching by the Classification Code itself or words
found in the definition.  Be careful, though, as the definitions of
the Codes do contain general terminology and some legalese. As an
alternative, you can conduct a narrow search in a patent file and then
use one of the Codes found on one of the retrieved patents that is on
target.

US examiners prefer the US Codes to the International Codes, but other
countries are the opposite.  Thus, it is best to use the US Codes over
the International Codes when searching the US files.  International
codes are available at <http://classifications.wipo.int/fulltext/new_ipc/index.htm>.


Reading a Patent
----------------

Don't be upset with the use of the word "said" as in "said lever
attached to said spring". The word "said" is equivalent to the word
"the" and is used after an element of the invention has been mentioned
already by the word "a" as in "a spring attached to a pivoting arm,
said spring urgingly holding said pivoting arm ...".  It is best to
mentally insert the word "the" whenever you see "said" and of course,
never search the word "said."


Patent Nuances
--------------

Claims are the metes and bounds of the invention and are written in a
very stylized manner.  Each claim is one sentence long, which means
that each can be a very long run on sentence.  One claim in a recent
pharmaceutical patent ran six pages long (about 3,500 words).  To
protect the invention from illegal copies, the claim drafter will
broaden the terminology as much as allowable.  In addition, the claims
are written with the noun first, then the modifiers.  So, instead of
claiming "a red car," the claim drafter would claim a "vehicle painted
the color red."

Thus, when searching patents, note that word order is typically turned
around from conventional English, with the subject of the sentence
first, followed by the modifiers.  Most patent websites do not allow
for searching words in a non-specific order, but further investigation
as to the search engine may allow the searching of order-specific
phrases.  For example, if phrase searching is allowed by the use of
quotes, make sure to put the search terms in both the noun-first order
and the modifier-first order.

A patent drafter can be their own lexicographer, meaning that they may
use industry-specific terms that are not in the common vernacular.
For example, what is known as a "submersible pump" in general, can be
a "submergible pump" or even a "submercible pump" in the industry.
When searching, one has to allow for these spelling variations.

Finally, care should be taken when searching patent assignees or
inventors as even the simplest names can be spelled several ways.
Abbreviations such as "mfg" or "corp" are found interspersed with the
longer spelled out versions of these words.  Very few governmental
websites apply additional indexing to clean up these spelling
variations.

Armed with the above nuances, you can still perform a useful search of
the patent collections of many countries, so that you can be aware of
what the prior art contains.


Patent Issuing Authorities' Websites
------------------------------------

Most patenting authorities have their own websites with various levels
of sophistication and most offer searching and retrieval of full-text
documents.

Many government and treaty websites, such as the EPO, acknowledge that
their sites are designed as an "information awareness programme and
not as a professional search engine" and some will actually conduct a
search for you if you need more in-depth information, though such work
is not free.

The United States Patent and Trademark Office <http://www.uspto.gov>
maintains a website that has more robust features than most other
patenting authorities.  It allows exact phrase and field searching
(e.g., searching by assignee name, application number, etc.) and also
utilizes nested Boolean logic (e.g., pet and (food or feed)), in
addition to truncation (e.g., ignoring characters after a stem to pick
up normal plurals and similar variants).

The Trilateral Website <http://www.european-patent-office.org/tws/twsindex.htm>,
incorporating the USPTO, the Japanese Patent Office (JPO) and the EPO,
features the First Page Data Base, which, appropriately enough,
contains the bibliographic information normally found on the first
page of a patent or application.

In order to harmonize websites, many countries under the PCT use one
major website for searching called Espacenet. The site at 
<http://www.espacenet.com> allows field searching, nested Boolean logic
and truncation of the EPO and PCT (so-called WO patent documents) and
of many of the member countries, but you will have to drill down to
find the advanced features.  Each country's patent collection is found
at http://CC.espacenet.com where CC stands for the two letter
abbreviation for the country.  To see a list of all countries that are
available, head to <http://www.european-patent-office.org/espacenet.info/access.htm>.

This site will also list the websites that are in English, which
include the patent offices of Cyprus, Ireland, Liechtenstein and the
United Kingdom.  Access to English machine aided translations of
Japanese documents can also be found at <http://www.espacenet.com>,
but while they give insight to the device described by the published
application, the translations are not written in the best English.

PCT patent information is also available at <http://ipdl.wipo.int>,
but searchable access is limited to only the contents of the first
page data from 1997 to date, though it is possible to view the rest of
the document.  The search engine at this location is somewhat similar
in its capabilities to the one found at the USPTO.

Seventy-five years of Canadian patents can be found at
<http://patents1.ic.gc.ca/intro-e.html> and features basic and
advanced searching in both English and French.


Other Useful Sources
--------------------

Nolo Publishing <http://www.nolo.com> is a publisher of legal
information and it sells a very readable and useful text entitled,
"Patent It Yourself," by Michael Pressman which details the patent
process, including the major international treaties.

The Patent Information User's Group <http://www.piug.org> is a body of
patent searchers around the world who can answer questions about
finding obscure documents or how to find and interpret patent
information. This site also contains links to many patent and related
websites.

A great source of information can be found at the Intellectual
Property Mall section of the Franklin Pierce Law Center website
<http://www.fplc.edu> where access to most patent websites can be
found.

Overall, access to much of the world's patent information can be found
on the Internet, and a reasonable search may be possible, as long as
consideration is made for each authorities' collection of documents,
search engine, and also for the nuances of international patent laws
and treaties.

> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Ron Kaminecki, <ron_kaminecki@dialog.com>, BS (Chemistry), MS
(Computer Science), JD (with Certificate in Patent Law) is a patent
agent and has been searching patents for over twenty-five years.  He
has instructed thousands of searchers, patent attorneys and examiners
around the world in the art of searching intellectual property.

Dialog, a Thomson Company, <http://www.dialog.com> offers access to
over six hundred scientific, intellectual property, technical,
pharmaceutical, news, and business information databases for the last
thirty years. Dialog is used by professional patent searchers for
access to over thirty databases that cover fulltext and abstract US
and international patents, trademarks and US copyrights.

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Related Free Pint links:

* "Intellectual Property" articles in the Free Pint Portal
  <http://www.freepint.com/go/p143>
* Read this article online, with activated hyperlinks
  <http://www.freepint.com/issues/100102.htm#tips>
* Post a message to the author, Ron Kaminecki, or suggest further 
  resources, at the Free Pint Bar <http://www.freepint.com/bar>
* Access the entire archive of Free Pint articles and issues
  <http://www.freepint.com/portal/content/>

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   receive your own copy at <http://www.freepint.com/author.htm>

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                        FREE PINT REGULARS
                 <http://www.freepint.com/regular>

Our New Year competition for Free Pint Regulars gives you the chance 
to win one of three copies of Gary Price and Chris Sherman's
extremely popular book "The Invisible Web".

If you're a Free Pint Regular then simply send an email to
<invisible@freepint.com> completing the following phrase in 30 words
or less:

              "My favourite Invisible Web site is ..."

Tell us why it's your favourite site and Gary, Chris and I will pick
our favourite three entries and announce the winners in a forthcoming
edition of Free Pint. The closing date for all entries is just one
week away, Friday 18th January 2002.

If you'd like some hints on Invisible Web resources then use the
authors' free directory at <http://www.invisible-web.net/>. You can
read sample chapters of the book there too, which got a great write up
in Free Pint No.97 at <http://www.freepint.com/issues/041001.htm>.

If you're not sure what the invisible Web is yet then I would
recommend you read Chris Sherman's introduction in Free Pint No.64
at <http://www.freepint.com/issues/080600.htm>.

Gary Price's sessions on the Invisible Web which Free Pint chaired at
Online Information 2001 in London in December were absolutely packed.
We expected about 60 people and welcomed over 160 to each session. He
proved a very popular speaker indeed.

If you're not a Free Pint Regular but would like to enter the
competition then please sign up at <http://www.freepint.com/regular>.
It's a good time to do so as our January Sale adds an additional month
free to the end of your subscription. Simply use the discount code
"round-house" when signing up.

       William Hann, Managing Editor <william@freepint.com>

[If you are not currently a Free Pint Regular and would like to find
out more about the benefits of membership, then please visit the
Regular homepage at <http://www.freepint.com/regular>. Regular
membership is just 60 pounds per year (US$85, AUS$169 or 97 Euros)
and Regulars receive the weekly "Pub Crawl" current awareness
newsletter, discounts and publicity.]

> = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =


      >>>  INDEX TO 200+ FREE IN-DEPTH RESEARCH ARTICLES  <<<

  The six-monthly Free Pint Index lists ALL the articles and book
  reviews which have appeared in Free Pint in the last four years.
 It's a handy quick-reference guide when doing research on the Web.
  The latest edition has just been published, and is available at:

           <http://www.freepint.com/issues/01indexb.htm>

> = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 


                        FREE PINT BOOKSHELF
                <http://www.freepint.com/bookshelf>

            "Internet Prophets: Enlightened E-Business
                   Strategies for Every Budget"
                     Reviewed by William Hann

The last couple of years could be dubbed the "eBusiness book years".
Everyone seemed to be publishing books about eBusiness and we've
reviewed a lot of them here in Free Pint. In fact, we got so tired of
them that we once reviewed four in one go
<http://www.freepint.com/bookshelf/4in1.htm>.

You know Free Pint. We believe in hands-on practical advice. Tips you
can use straight away. We're not so interested in the high-brow
strategy stuff. You can keep your kBusiness transformations based on
mCommerce theoretical frameworks.

So when Information Today announced that they had published their
first eBusiness title recently, we were very interested to see if it
was as cliche-ridden as many of the titles we'd already covered.

We needn't have worried. Page one of the book introduced us to the
four eBusiness prophets Eenie, Meenie, Miney and Moe (I kid you not).
It looked like something of interest to my three and a half year old
daughter. Even my nine month old son might enjoy looking at the
pictures (see <http://www.internetprophets.com>). I wondered whether
the author, Mary Diffley, had reacted so badly to the spate of
dot-bombs with their failed high-brow strategies that the only 
solution was to write a book recommending eBusiness strategies based
on a child's random selection game.

In fact, the four prophets turn out to be a useful and memorable way
of categorising all the tips in the book by the type of company they
might apply to. For instance, prophet Eenie presents "practical,
quality ideas for small businesses ... [who] will most likely develop
a Web site to be used as a complimentary marketing tool.". Meenie
helps larger companies with a professional Web presence and introduces
them to selling online. Miney prefers transactional and interactive
Web sites, whereas Moe prophesies full-blown large-budget solutions.

There are so many suggestions for practical eBusiness implementation
in the book that it really is a tremendous resource. However I found
myself saying "Yes, that's all very well but ..." to almost every
suggestion. I have a reasonable amount of experience running an
eBusiness with Free Pint and I think it's my experiences which make me
want to add so much more to each prophecy.

For instance, in the "One-to-One Marketing" section, the Eenie
strategy is simply to "Engage in a Viral Marketing Campaign" by
visiting a certain site and setting up a Recommend Us utility. The
Meenie marketing strategy is to "Launch a Sweepstakes" (again
suggesting one site). Miney suggests reading what the experts have to
say (single site recommendation again) and Moe tells you to "create
your own branded promotional campaign using X's patent-pending
technology, which customizes offers using demographics, geographic and
profile information". That's it. One-to-one marketing sorted,
depending on the size of your budget and a visit to one recommended
site. Hmm.

The style of writing is therefore very much "Do this. Here's where to
do it. Sorted". Running a business online isn't like that. It depends
on what your objectives are, what you're selling, who your audience
is, etc. You have to feel your way and try things out. That's the only
way to find out what works and what doesn't for your organisation and
its products, and the only way to find out what works for your
particular audience.

That said, it is only the style of writing I had a problem with, and
I'm not the target audience. So, if you approach the book differently,
using it to get up to speed quickly with the different things you can
do to get a successful presence online, then the book is actually very
useful indeed. It's packed with suggestions, of the practical kind
that Free Pinters appreciate. It's an overview. Read the whole book
and you'll learn something about every aspect of site development,
budgeting, marketing, design, and there's even a quick HTML tutorial
at the back.

In my opinion this book is for Eenie Meenies, not Miney Moes. If you
work in a a small to medium sized company wanting to venture online
then you should read it, all the way through. If you're in a larger
organisation and responsible for a dedicated Web team then you won't
learn a lot from the book. If you do, then you're probably not the
right person to be doing your job.

> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

William Hann used to train and consult on eBusiness strategy, but now
spends all his time worrying about his own e-company, Free Pint
<http://www.freepint.com/go/r2>.

> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Related Free Pint links:

* Find out more about this book online at the Free Pint Bookshelf
  <http://www.freepint.com/bookshelf/prophet.htm>
* Read customer comments and buy this book at Amazon.co.uk
  <http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0910965552/freepint0c>
  or Amazon.com
  <http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0910965552/freepint00>
* "Internet Prophets" ISBN 0910965552 published by CyberAge Books
  and written by Mary Diffley
* Search for and purchase any book from Amazon via the Free Pint
  Bookshelf at <http://www.freepint.com/bookshelf>
* Read about other Internet strategy books on the Free Pint Bookshelf
  <http://www.freepint.com/bookshelf/strategy.htm>

To propose an information-related book for review, send details 
to <bookshelf@freepint.com>.

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    >>>  RECOMMEND FREE PINT. SIMPLY TYPE AN EMAIL ADDRESS  <<<

 If you'd like a quick, convenient and confidential way to tell your
friends and colleagues about Free Pint, use our "Recommend Us" page.
    Simply enter a colleague's email address and we'll send them
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                          FEATURE ARTICLE
        <http://www.freepint.com/issues/100102.htm#feature>

                            "Livestock"
                           By Jane Inman

This may seem an unusual topic for Free Pint after articles on WAP and
business and hi-tech issues. Indeed it was a new area for me when I
was asked to work on a literature review of the livestock sector
earlier last year. In the process of conducting the review I learned
some interesting things about the subject and about the information
sources.

The time scale for the job was quite short and we recognised that the
subject area was huge so we began the task by commissioning searches
from the main databases covering agriculture, namely CAB Abstracts,
Agricola, Agris, BIOSIS and planned to cover the grey literature by
using SIGLE, the database of the European Association of Grey
Literature in Europe.

The results from these searches were surprisingly disappointing and
sent us scurrying to the web to see what more could be found. The web
searches were conducted in two ways. Preliminary searches were made of
the sites of organisations, government departments and research
institutes previously identified. The second sweep of the web was done
by simply using Google. The results of these searches were much more
exciting and unearthed some very useful sites and documents.

The scope of the job on which this article is based was European, both
east and west, and so the sites are mainly for that area but there are
also some included which are of international interest. We were
looking for literature on completed, current and planned research into
production, environmental impact and policy so the sites listed are
biased towards those areas. However there are sites with information
on many aspects of the sector including practical and management
issues and the economics and policy issues of the business.

Studies of the effectiveness of agri-environmental schemes and of
economic policies such as CAP, the Common Agricultural Policy of the
European Union, were included and organic farming was well covered
both by specific sites and in the more general sites. Another
limitation of our searching was that it was all done in English so
that the sites identified are either in English or offer an English
version.


UK
--

A first port of call for the UK will be the former Ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) whose responsibilities since
June 2001 have been transferred to the Department for Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA). Their web site
<http://www.defra.gov.uk> contains details of on-going research as well
as information on animal health and welfare. So it covers foot and
mouth and BSE (although the BSE enquiry has its own web site
<http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/>), Scrapie, Tuberculosis, animal
identification and tracing, international trade, disease surveillance
and control and animal by-products. Here too you will find information
on projects and programmes.

You will also find information on foot and mouth, but from a different
perspective, on the Countryside Agency web site
<http://www.countryside.gov.uk>, for Wales, the Countryside Council for
Wales <http://www.ccw.gov.uk> and for Scotland, visit
<http://www.snh.org.uk>, the site for Scottish Natural Heritage.

The Environment Agency at <http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk> is
worth a visit as they commission research into the environmental
effects of livestock and issue guidance to farmers on the use of sheep
dip and similar pollutants. The environmental effects of livestock
farming are extensive, impacting soil, water, the atmosphere, wildlife
and the landscape itself, so environmental bodies are concerned to
monitor and study these effects. The Environment Agency covers England
and Wales while in Scotland the Scottish Environment Protection Agency
at <http://www.sepa.org.uk> has this responsibility.

English Nature is the government agency which "Champions the
conservation of wildlife and natural features throughout England"
<http://www.english-nature.gov.uk>, so they too will be concerned with
the impact of livestock on the environment and undertake or commission
research.

There are six research councils in the UK and of these the
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
<http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk> and the Natural Environment Research Council
<http://www.nerc.ac.uk> are the ones where research into livestock
farming and its environmental effects would be of interest. The
economic issues around livestock farming would be the concern of the
Economic and Social Research Council <http://www.esrc.ac.uk>.

Much of the research is commissioned by the bodies listed above but is
carried out by private consultants or by academic departments.
Consultants and research units in the UK include the Countryside and
Community Research Unit of Cheltenham and Gloucester College of Higher
Education <http://www.chelt.ac.uk/el/ccru/>, the University
of Reading's Centre for Agricultural Strategy
<http://www.rdg.ac.uk/AgriStrat/>, and the University of Newcastle,
whose Centre of the Rural Economy is undertaking research on the
aftermath of foot and mouth in Cumbria at present. There are private
consultants with a web presence. But, as much of their work will have
been commissioned and paid for, they may not be at liberty to publish
it on their web sites. Examples are the sites of Asken
<http://www.asken.co.uk> and ADAS <http://www.adas.co.uk>.

In Scotland, the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute
<http://www.mluri.sari.ac.uk> was established in 1987 and is concerned
about livestock because of its concern about land use and how it has
and will change over time. It ran a project called LSIRD (Online
European Network for Livestock Systems and Integrated Rural
Development) which, although finished, has developed a network of
researchers across Europe.  The web site contains useful conference
proceedings and papers, as well as an excellent list of related sites.

Another Scottish site is the Arkelton Centre for Rural Development
Research <http://www.abdn.ac.uk/arkleton/>, which may be worth a
visit. Also see the Scottish Agricultural College
<http://www.sac.ac.uk> and the Scottish Executive
<http://www.scotland.gov.uk>, which includes SEERAD, the Scottish
Executive Environment and Rural Affairs Department.

AGRIFOR <http://www.agrifor.ac.uk/> describes itself as the "UK's
gateway to High Quality Internet Resources in Agriculture, Food and
Forestry". It is part of the Resource Discovery Network
<http://www.rdn.ac.uk/> which is a co- operative network which grew out
of the eLib Programme, funded by the JISC (Joint Information Systems
Committee). The entries and thus the search results have useful
abstracts. RDN have recently launched a Virtual Training Suite which
provides free tutorials on the web pointing you to key Internet
resources, developing your search skills and providing practical ideas
for using the web for study, teaching and research within subject
areas. The AGRIFOR site links you to the training in Agriculture, Food
and Forestry.

For milk, look at the Milk Development Council <http://www.mdc.org.uk>
and for llamas try <http://www.webcom.com/~degraham>! For the sheep
and goats dairy sector there is a French site with an English version
called CIRVAL, which describes itself as the "International Resource
Centre on utilisation of information in milk production of small
ruminants".


Europe
------

The European Union's agricultural policy is the Common Agricultural
Policy (CAP). The main place to look for information on this is the
CAP Working Notes in the section of the Europa site which covers
Agriculture and the Environment at <http://www.europa.eu.int>.

The European Union is set to enlarge in the next few years and will
take in Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Cyprus, Slovenia, Estonia
followed by Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, and Slovakia around
2010 and possibly Turkey, Romania, Albania and the remaining countries
that formed Yugoslavia. The Europa site contains the reports produced
by the EU on the current situation in these countries as far as
agriculture is concerned and the plans for the rural economy under the
Special Accession Programme for Agriculture and Rural Development
(SAPARD) <http://www.sapard.cz/>.

The European Livestock Policy Evaluation Network, ELPEN,
<http://www.mluri.sari.ac.uk/elpen> is hosted by MLURI, the Macaulay
Land Use Research Institute and contains the organisation's
publications and a list of links. Its aim is to support the appraisal
and evaluation of European livestock policy.

Slightly more specialised is the European Fine Fibre Network site,
<http://www.mluri.sari.ac.uk/europeanfibre/> hosted by MLURI, with
information about fibre production. The European Forum on Nature
Conservation and Pastoralism <http://www.efncp.org> is for ecologists,
nature conservationists, farmers and policy makers. Again, it contains
publications and a newsletter as well as a forum for discussion
available in French and English.

France has INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
<http://www.inra.fr>, Germany the German Agricultural Information
Network DAINet <http://www.dainet.de>, and Denmark has "Danish
Agriculture on the Net" at <http://www.agriculture.dk> which seeks to
bring together agriculture resources on the net.


International
-------------

The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
<http://www.cgiar.org> aims to use agricultural research to improve
productivity in developing countries, thus reducing hunger, but also
protecting the environment. The International Livestock Research
Institute <http://www.cgiar.org/ilri> is concerned with livestock in
developing countries and is funded by CGIAR.

The World Health Organisation <http://www.who.int> has an interest in
livestock and will cover issues related to health such as BSE.
Similarly, there may be items on the UNESCO (United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation) site
<http://www.unesco.org>, on the UNEP, the United Nations Environment
Programme site <http://www.unep.org>, and on the FAO, Food and
Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations site
<http://www.fao.org>. The World Bank <http://www.worldbank.org> has
published some useful material on the economic aspects of the sector.

The International Agricultural Centre <http://www.iac-agro.nl> is
based at the University of Wageningen in the Netherlands. "It provides
training, advisory and information management services directed
towards developing countries and countries in transition." It has
links which are useful. Also concerned with agriculture in developing
countries is the Forum on Agricultural Research
<http://www.egfar.org>.


Organic and Sustainable Agriculture
-----------------------------------

There is plenty of information on organic farming on the web but the
International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movement
<http://www.ifoam.org> acts as an "umbrella" organisation with
members in 97 countries. Organic Europe
<http://www.organic-europe.net> has some useful documents attached to
it. The University of New England in Australia had a very useful site
of links on sustainable agriculture in Europe, Scandinavia and the
United Kingdom but it seems to have gone, as can happen with web
information.

This tour around the world of livestock has been rapid but, like all
web based information, the material that I have listed is only the tip
of the iceberg. I'm sure there are many sites which I have missed as
no description of the web can be comprehensive or, for that
matter, totally current. I hope however that what has been covered may
be of help to those faced with a similar task to mine.

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Jane Inman is a Chartered Librarian. She is a freelance information
specialist with particular experience of environmental, planning,
government and local government information and may be contacted
through her web site <http://www.inmaninfo.co.uk>. She worked on this
project with Ken Taylor of Asken Ltd. More information on the work of
Asken may be found at <http://www.asken.co.uk>.

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Related Free Pint links:

* Agriculture news and resources in the Free Pint Portal
  <http://www.freepint.com/go/p6>
* Read this article online, with activated hyperlinks
  <http://www.freepint.com/issues/100102.htm#feature>
* Post a message to the author, Jane Inman, or suggest further 
  resources, at the Free Pint Bar <http://www.freepint.com/bar>
* Access the entire archive of Free Pint content
  <http://www.freepint.com/portal/content/>

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                     >>>  FREE PINT FACT  <<<

Only 48% of Free Pinters have told us what country they're in.
Surprisingly, a greater number of you (54%) have told us what your
occupation is.

We'd really like to know where you are and what you do. We can then
tailor Free Pint more to your needs. So why not click on the "Modify
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While you're there, you might like to sign up for the
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You can either have it emailed to you as an attachment, or receive
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                         FORTHCOMING EVENTS
                 <http://www.freepint.com/events>

January seems to be a time for catching up, rather than actually
attending any conferences. The Free Pint Web site has been very busy
since the beginning of new year, but the events scene is very quiet.
The end of February and beginning of March however make up for the
lull with plenty of things to do ...

Pira International are looking at "key digital rights management
issues" in their two day conference in The Netherlands. Competia are
training public service managers and researchers in competitive
intelligence and the sharing of best practices in Ontario, Canada.

The popular Association of UK Media Librarians (AUKML) group is
holding its postponed annual conference in Liverpool and TFPL's
European Business Information Conference (EBIC) is in Madrid this
year.

If you are running an information-related get-together anywhere in the
world then submit details at <http://www.freepint.com/events> for some
free promotion. We've relaxed the rules on the types of event which
can be added and so do check out the new guidelines.

> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Details of these and many other conferences and exhibitions in the
information industry can be found on the Free Pint Events page
<http://www.freepint.com/events>.

Submit details of your event for free promotion, and keep us informed
about any changes to current listings.

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                           FREE PINT GOLD

This time last year we looked at how the Web is transforming the
radio industry. There was also an article about careers information
sites - not job boards, but sites with information about different
careers.

* Free Pint No.78, 4th January 2001 "Radio Industry Web Sites" and
  "Careers Information Resources".
  <http://www.freepint.com/issues/040101.htm>

Two years ago, Free Pint's Simon Collery provided a case study of how
the Web has successfully facilitated communication and project
management between a collective of programmers working from home.
Martin White used 2000's Online Information conference to take a look
back and forward at the information industry and make some predictions
about 2001. You can decide for yourself if he was right.

* Free Pint No.53, 6th January 2000 "PanEris: a model for the virtual
  establishment" and "Online Information - The past and the future".
  <http://www.freepint.com/issues/060100.htm>

Cookies are as much a contentious issue today as they were in 1999
(see <http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2823996,00.html>),
and three years ago Jonathan Eaton gave us a much needed
introduction to what they're all about. Charles Oppenheim wrote an
invaluable piece about copyright and linking, which is still a
must-read for all Webmasters.

* Free Pint No.29, 7th January 1999 "Understanding 'cookies' on
  the Web" and "Internet, copyright and linking".
  <http://www.freepint.com/issues/070199.htm>

Four years ago a number of information professionals provided their
top 5 favourite sites, most of which are still going strong today.
Coincidentally, Martin White also wrote for that issue, about 
computer industry Web sites.

* Free Pint No.5, 8th January 1998 "Top Five Web Resources of 1997"
  and "Finding IT on the WWW".
  <http://www.freepint.com/issues/080198.htm>

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                   FREE PINT FORTHCOMING ARTICLES
                           [Provisional]

              * Technology Transfer * News Searching *
      * Legal Sources * Winter Olympics * Virtual Reference *
  * Wireless Technology * Academic, Economic and Social Science *
    * German Business Information Sources * Biomedical Sources *

If you have a suggestion for an article topic or would like to write
for Free Pint then please contact me or sign up for the regular Author
Update on the Web site at <http://www.freepint.com/author.htm>.

                Rex Cooke, Editor <rex@freepint.com>

> = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

                              GOODBYE

Many thanks for reading today's Free Pint. Take time out to visit 
our January Sale at <http://www.freepint.com/shop> and do keep
spreading the word about Free Pint to your colleagues.

                       See you in two weeks!

             William Hann, Founder and Managing Editor
                      <william@freepint.com>

(c) Free Pint Limited 1997-2002
<http://www.freepint.com/>

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                        CONTACT INFORMATION

Address:

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Key contacts:

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> = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 

Free Pint (ISSN 1460-7239) is a free newsletter written by information 
professionals who share how they find quality and reliable information
on the Internet.  Useful to anyone who uses the Web for their work, it
is published every two weeks by email.

To subscribe, unsubscribe, find details about contributing, 
advertising or to see past issues, please visit the Web site at 
<http://www.freepint.com/> or email <info@freepint.com>.

Please note: Free Pint is a registered trademark of, and published by,
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The opinions, advice, products and services offered herein are the
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This publication may be freely copied and/or distributed in its
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Write to Rex Cooke, Editor <rex@freepint.com> for more details.
Product names used in Free Pint are for identification purposes only,
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